makawa Aug 12, 2013:

w dokumentach z sądów brytyjskich nigdy nie widziałam słowa "crime". Zawsze piszą coś w stylu ... attempting to drive with excess alcohol is an offence contrary to section 4(1) Road Traffic Act 1988... an offence is committed, contrary to The Theft Act 1968 o. an offence is committed contrary to The Fraud Act...

Łukasz Gos-Furmankiewicz Aug 12, 2013:

@Lilian: 1. 'Obrót' (Latin: commercium), which means 'circulation', is a core concept of civil law. It basically means transactions. You could also loosely identify it with the flow of the market.
2. Are you sure you understand the difference between crime, offence etc., or rather, all the names used by the legal system to denote particular wrongs set apart for punishment?
3. Not everything which you can do with money and which is criminal involves money laundering. The list of money-related crimes is longer than money laundering alone.
4. There's nothing wrong with 'offence against'. There are offences against the liberty of person, against family, against property, against the public order and whatever else. This is a time-honoured phrase, it's not odd in any way.
5. What you may also be failing to see here is that 'offences against this and that' is a whole category of crimes. It's not the statutory definition of a single crime, which corresponds with a unique classification done by the police, prosecutor and court in criminal proceedings. It's an entire category of crimes that comprises a lot of individually defined crimes. Just look into the Polish Criminal Code for guidance.

Łukasz Gos-Furmankiewicz Aug 12, 2013:

Różnica polega na 'money laundering'. Twoje tłumaczenie jest dobre (choć dałbym 'against money circulation', bo obrót to jednak obrót, dla prawnika rozróżnienie dość istotne), Lilian tłumaczenie też jest dobre, ale do pewnego momentu, bo kiedy utożsamia 'przeciwko obrotowi pieniędzmi' z praniem brudnych pieniędzy ('money laundering'), wtedy już nie jest dobrze.

Swift Translation Aug 12, 2013:

@ Łukasz To ja Cię nie rozumiem - tłumaczysz mi, że nie mam racji, a następnie dajesz Lilian disagree. Gdzie tu logika?

Łukasz Gos-Furmankiewicz Aug 12, 2013:

@Wholegrain: 'Securities fraud' does mean the same as 'przestępstwo przeciwko obrotowi papierami wartościowymi', it simply uses fewer words and is a dynamic rather than formal equivalent. When localising for a U.S. audience you'd only wish to use 'securities fraud' and not the lengthy literal translation which one uses when analysing Polish law in English. I'd probably use 'securities fraud' even when translating for comparative analysis, myself.

Repeating 'przestępstwo [przeciwko]' in every Polish crime definition ('[ustawowy] typ przestępstwa') is a stylistic feature of Polish criminal-law language. It really can be ignored when translating out of Polish. The English language doesn't like winded analytical phrasings as a rule, so they just say 'securities fraud' and that's it for them. I make such 'omissions' all the time.